Storyboards are graphic organizers in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.
Source: Wikipedia
Storyboarding came about in the early 1930's when they were developed by Walt Disney. Since then they have become increasingly used as a tool to prepare a piece of animation/ motion graphics/ idents ect in post production ready to take to filming. It is a very important process which allows a designer to get all of their ideas onto paper before trying to create it digitally. This is very cost effective because it saves making mistakes on a digital format.
//Animatics
In animation and special effects work, the storyboarding stage may be followed by simplified mock-ups called "animatics" to give a better idea of how the scene will look and feel with motion and timing. At its simplest, an animatic is a series of still images edited together and displayed in sequence. More commonly, a rough dialogue and/or rough sound track is added to the sequence of still images (usually taken from a storyboard) to test whether the sound and images are working effectively together.
This allows the animators and directors to work out any screenplay, camera positioning, shot list and timing issues that may exist with the current storyboard. The storyboard and soundtrack are amended if necessary, and a new animatic may be created and reviewed with the director until the storyboard is perfected. Editing the film at the animatic stage can avoid animation of scenes that would be edited out of the film. Animation is usually an expensive process, so there should be a minimum of "deleted scenes" if the film is to be completed within budget.
Source: Wikipedia
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Some storyboards can be drawn very quickly and roughly so that the designer can get their ideas out quickly. They would also write short notes with most frames to explain what would be happening in them and what sort of camera shots would be used.
If a designer has a longer time period to produce a storyboard or maybe finalise a storyboard after reviewing it with the directors etc then they will spend time to draw out the storyboards more acurately with possibly more narrative.
Sometimes the storyboards can be drawn on large sheets of paper together and often they can also be done in seperate frames so that they can be moved about in the reviewing stages. This makes it easier for the designers and directors to change elements of the storyboard without having to re draw the whole thing.
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Here is an example of my own storyboarding for the Silent Movie brief. My storyboard is only 5 frames long on this example, it shows the main key frames of the sequence. I have also added notes about how fast the type will move within the time line and how it will transform.
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